Reptile & Amphibian News Blog
Keep up with news and features of interest to the reptile and amphibian community on the kingsnake.com blog. We cover breaking stories from the mainstream and scientific media, user-submitted photos and videos, and feature articles and photos by Jeff Barringer, Richard Bartlett, and other herpetologists and herpetoculturists.
Thursday, June 26 2014
The search had not begun as a jaunt to find the Florida scrub lizard, Sceloporus woodi. That wasn't even close to the reason. Rather it had been my hope of finding a little spotted skunk that had brought Jake and me to Okeechobee County.
But spotted skunks (which we failed to find, by the way) are primarily crepuscular and nocturnal, and that left us with many hours of daylight to delve into other pursuits. So, having no real plans. we accessed an eastbound road and our next stop was in some scrub habitat in Martin County.
At that point we both recalled that we would like to update our photos of the scrub lizard, so Sceloporus woodi became our new secondary target.
Restricted to sandy areas from the latitude of Marion County southward, the little scrub lizard is a localized Florida endemic. A smaller adult size (to 6 1/4"), smaller scales, a well defined brown lateral line, and less black pigment on the belly differentiate the scrub lizard from the sympatric fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus.
And unlike the skunk (that, despite several additional nights of trying we still haven't found), the habitat and locale in which we were then standing proved ideal for the scrub lizards. They were found and photographed, allowing us to consider the trip at least a partial success. And at the price of petrol nowadays, successes on road trips, be they accidental or intended, are evermore appreciated.
More photos under the jump...
Continue reading "The Scrub Lizard: A Florida endemic"
Tuesday, June 24 2014
In the late 1900s, say around 1980 or so, it was finally realized that the range of the mole kingsnake, Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata, as then shown in field guides was woefully inaccurate.
Rather than stopping just south of the Georgia and Alabama state lines as then suggested, the snake actually ranged to the Gulf Coast on the Florida Panhandle and perhaps even further south on the peninsula. But then, even as now, the actual range of this persistently fossorial snake was (and is) imperfectly known.
How little we actually knew about this subspecies was further demonstrated when in 1987 R.M. Price described a mole king from the southern peninsula of Florida that bore sufficiently different facial markings to warrant the erection of a new subspecies that he called L. c. occipitolineata, and that is now known by the common name of Southern Florida mole kingsnake.
Despite having been recognized for more than a quarter century, this small (usually less than 3 feet long), strongly blotched lampropeltine is still considered a comparative rarity. Like its more northerly relative(s) the head of the southern Florida mole king is not much broader than the neck, and, although the head pattern comverges on the neck, it is not as precise as the diagnostic "spearpoint" of the corn snake, the only species with which this mole king is apt to be confused.
For additional information on this interesting snake, please look up Price, R. M. 1987, Disjunct occurrence of mole snakes in Peninsular Florida, and the description of a new subspecies of Lampropeltis calligaster. Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc. 22(9):148.
More photos under the jump...
Continue reading "The South Florida Mole Kingsnake: Hidden in plain sight"
Thursday, June 19 2014
As I sat on the back deck this morning, my interest was drawn to several displaying or battling anoles. We have both common kinds here, the indigenous green anole, Anolis carolinensis, and the firmly established Cuban brown, A. s. sagrei. During the spring and summer, when breeding and territoriality are at their peak, it takes only the presence of two males to create a war zone. In autumn and winter they are a bit less belligerent but only a bit! Females show little interest in each other.
I have heard ad infinitum that the browns will overun and (presumably) extirpate the greens, that the browns do not belong here and should themselves be extirpated. Perhaps at some time in the future extirpation of the green anole by the brown may occur, but for now, wherever I have taken the time to watch the various interactions, the scores of the skirmishes seem about even. The anoles battle, sometimes green on green, sometimes brown on brown, but as often as not it is one species against the other, and if of equal size early attempts of determining a winner is almost futile.
Whether you like or hate them, the brown anoles are here to stay. They often position themselves on fences, railings, and the lower trunks of trees and shrubs. The native (color changing) greens may also be seen in/on these locations but they are usually higher from the ground, often in the tree canopy. The two species, then, are at least partially partitioned.
But, during breeding season, when the males are "set on feisty," when they do meet the show is on!
More photos under the jump...
Continue reading "Nothing feistier than an anole!"
Tuesday, June 17 2014
Excitement was palpable. We left Iquitos, Peru, at 0800 that morning and then, 12 hours later, we were nearing our destination.
Segundo Rios, our captain, eased back on the throttle of the Tucanare (our river boat), and almost imperceptably the boat nosed against the shoreline. We had arrived at Madre Selva Biological Preserve on the west bank of the Rio Orosa, our home for the next 10 days; ten days of around the clock tropical herping.
We had eaten on the boat and everyone was ready for at least a short introductory night walk so as soon as we had all located our tambos (screened individual rooms).
I elected to take the group along the short trail, a wonderful loop of herp habitat. Once again, I instructed all of the absolute need to watch carefully for fer-de-lance and to remember that rhyme of "red to yellow kill a fellow and red to black venom lack" did not apply to any of the several species of coral snakes we might encounter.
Even before we had gotten out of the biological station's clearing, we had found several species of lizard (anoles and geckos), an auspicious beginning to a wonderful and educational trip. Fifty yards down the trail C-sar commented, "Snake, Imantodes." He had spotted a blunt-headed tree snake, Imantodes cenchoa, in a trailside bush.
Flashlight beams were quickly brought to bear on the little snake of vine-like slenderness, and the popping of camera flashes brought to mind a mini lightning storm.
When all had taken what they felt were sufficient photos we moved on. Broad-headed treefrogs ( Osteocephalus sp.) and an occasional monkey frog ( Phyllomedusa sp.) vocalized from bromeliads high overhead, but none were seen than night.
However, crested forest toads, Bufo margaritifera, were numerous along the trail, and some were seen three feet above ground on flat-leafed plants.
"What kind of lizard is this?" someone asked. Ah ha! The guides had walked by (and they don't often miss much!) a foot long green forest dragon, Enyalioides laticeps, sleeping quietly on a horizontal limb 8 feet above ground. Again, a pause for photos and we continued.
Continue reading "Herping the Peruvian Amazon"
Thursday, June 12 2014
Rainy, clear, muggy, rainy, clear, rain, clear -- it was yoyo weather all day yesterday. Jake and I headed north a few miles and the high humidity and intermittent rain induced mile after mile of amphibian choruses.
Green treefrogs, Hyla cinerea, squirrel treefrogs, Hyla squirella, pine woods treefrogs, Hyla femoralis, oak toads, Bufo quercicus, and little grass frogs, Pseudacris ocularis honked, churred, ratcheted, peeped, and twittered.
Even a couple of rat snakes had attempted to cross, but were fatally intercepted by vehicles.
So we planned on making an amphibian evening of the jaunt. But then the breezes shifted, the high humidity and low pressure almost instantly replaced by cooler winds, high pressure, cleared skies, low humidity and a temperature drop.
An hour after hearing the immense choruses the marshes were almost silent. Ours proved to be a dry run.
More photos under the jump...
Continue reading "Rainy day, clear night, singing frogs"
Wednesday, June 11 2014
After the lights and sirens drama of my dog Ruby's encounter with a 36-inch Western diamondback rattlesnake, we began the waiting game of her treatment and recovery.
Within minutes of the bite, Ruby's head began to swell almost immediately. Within a few hours, she was unrecognizable as the same dog.
Given two vials of Bioclon's antivenin intravenously, she looked forlorn and pitiful in her cage at the clinic. Her eyes had swollen shut, and the bite wound seeped blood and other fluids. Neither would stop getting worse until long after she came home. But her vital signs were strong and she had begun to take liquids orally, which were the two major factors allowing her to be released to go home roughly 48 hours after being bitten.
She was sent home with an arsenal of medications, including antibiotics, painkillers, anti-nausea drugs, and eye drops, all of which were designed to help her feel more comfortable but few of which she wanted to take willingly.
Her swollen muzzle had made chewing painful, and for the first 72 hours it was all she could do to lap a little water or baby food; despite making a few cautionary attempts at the kibble in her bowl, little had disappeared from it. Even soft treats were taken only sporadically, and then with little enthusiasm, leaving her to be medicated with a syringe, her drugs crushed up and suspended in water.
Despite the bitter taste, she hesitatingly lapped the watered-down drug solution from the palm of my hand, a process we were to repeat every 8 hours. Mopping up the seepage dripping from here eye, and keeping it clear enough to see out of, would be a continual battle, however, and breaking up the crust that it formed required wet warm compresses and lots of patience on both our parts
By the end of the fourth day after the bite the swelling had peaked, and so had the drainage. Ruby was beginning to take some solid foods, allowing her meds to be delivered in treats rather than in a water suspension. Still. with the pain, solid foods were hit and miss, and several mornings we resorted to baby food until the painkillers had a chance to work.
Signs of Ruby's improvement were appearing, she was going outside on her own to defecate. There had been no blood in her stool or urine, and she was beginning to explore the house and her dog run a bit more. She was tentatively barking at the bicyclists and deliverymen which was a strong sign of continued improvement. She was still in pain, however, and her companion, Scout, found out the hard way that jumping on her head was the wrong way to get Ruby to play, eliciting a sharp growl that sent Scout off to hide in a closet.
On the fifth day we woke to find Ruby's facial swelling dramatically decreased, along with the drainage. Ruby was no longer on a liquid diet, and was eating soft foods and kibble from her bowl, despite the swelling that remained. Her right eye was still swollen and crusted over, but you could see it, it could see you, and with each hour that passed it seemed to open a little more.
By the sixth day Ruby's swelling had almost completely disappeared except around her eye, which continued to show increasing improvement. After a follow up stop at our regular vet, Dr. Haley at Georgetown Veterinary Hospital, we were cleared to discontinue all her meds except the remaining antibiotics. Dr. Haley and here staff were very impressed with Ruby's recovery and noted that there appeared to be little or no necrosis, tissue or muscle damage, and Ruby was released from their care with no required follow ups.
A week after being bitten Ruby is doing great. She still has a small amount of swelling and crusting around her right eye, which continues to improve each day. She appears to have no permanent damage and may not even have a physical scar as a reminder of the encounter. Dr Haley attributes Ruby's rapid recovery to her quick treatment and the administration of antivenin almost immediately after the bite, as well as the excellent after care she received at the hospital and at home. There were no ill effects or allergic reactions to the new antivenin, something that had been problematic with the older antivenins.
Ruby and I want to thank all the doctors and staff at the Heart of Texas Veterinary Specialty Centerand the Georgetown Veterinary Hospital for both their emergency and follow-up care. It helped make the best of a very bad situation, and their daily calls for status updates gave me a sounding board for my questions and concerns that was welcome and needed.
We also want to thank the thousands of people who have been sending emails and posting messages of support on our site, Facebook, and Twitter. Your support helped pull us both through this crisis.
Tuesday, June 10 2014
Do you remember a day before kingsnake.com?
I do, and I don't even have to think very hard to do so.
Not only was there no kingsnake.com, there were no computers, either. I can remember those long ago days when my herp interest was fueled by monthly price lists brought to us by the now-struggling USPS.
One of the first companies I can remember was Quivira Specialties. Owned by Charles E. and May D. Burt, it was from this Topeka, KS, wonderland that I purchased my first Texas horned lizard (85c), green anole (65c), neonate boa constrictor ($4.65), Mexican jumping beans (I don't remember the cost), and dozens of other natural history-related items. And all were delivered to me for pennies via the USPS!
Over the years other companies came and then disappeared, leaving in their wake collections of orange, pink, tan, fluorescent green, and bright blue catalogs that listed herps and are now considered collector's items.
But back to Quivira for a moment. Besides their price lists, Quivira Specialties left another legacy. For the last 50+ years Italian wall lizards, Podarcis muralis, and Western (European) green lizards, Lacerta bilineata, escaped and established, have bred in Topeka. To this day the former can be easily found and, although you'll have to work harder to find them, pockets of the beautiful green lizards continue to exist.
More photos under the jump...
Continue reading "Can you remember a day before kingsnake.com?"
Thursday, June 5 2014
Failure. Yep, failure. It looked for a while as if my Caatinga horned frogs, Ceratophrys joazierensis, had decided to breed.
The male vocalized extensively, the female allowed amplexus, and then a super cold front rolled in and even with heaters on the room cooled, the frogs separated, moved over to an area of deep sphagnum, burrowed down, and formed cocoons!
That was in mid-January and now, in late April, the perpetually warmer weather has roused them. Having ended their prolonged fast, both frogs are again avidly accepting nightcrawlers.
The other night Grumpy, the male, emitted a few half-heared vocalizations. I'm thinking that its almost time to reactivate the rain chamber. Almost -- but not quite yet.
More photos under the jump...
Continue reading "The great horned frog failure"
Wednesday, June 4 2014
It was dusk and I heard my dog Ruby's distinctive "snake" bark before I realized that the buzzing I was hearing wasn't coming from the window air conditioner. With a buzz that loud, I knew Ruby had a large rattlesnake cornered. As I yelled to her to back off, I raced for a pair of tongs and a bucket I keep handy for such occasions, only to hear a loud "yelp" as the snake struck home.
It was a 36=inch female Western diamondback ( Crotalus atrox), fat from a recent meal, coiled, angry, and full of fight. I grabbed the snake with the tongs, deposited it in the bucket, snapped the lid on, and raced off to find Ruby.
I found her curled under the covers on my bed. Pulling the sheet back, I could see a small amount of blood above her right eye where the snake's fangs had connected. It had already started swelling and oozing in less than five minutes. This was a "hot" bite, a bad one from a good-sized snake.
I immediately put my emergency protocols into action. With a rattlesnake bite time is often the deciding factor, so knowing where to go and who to call beforehand can save precious minutes and, maybe, a life. Scooping Ruby up and piling her into the truck, I raced to the nearest 24-hour animal hospital, the Heart Of Texas Veterinarary Clinic, more than 20 miles away.
Ruby was starting to feel the effects of the bite, and her head was swelling rapidly. She crawled into my lap as I impatiently watched the mile markers tick by. It seemed as if every slow driver had decided to park in my lane, no matter which lane I picked. I watched the digits on the clock seemingly race upward, while the mile markers slowed.
Finally reaching our exit, we pull up at a red light. After what seemed an interminably long time but in reality was but a few seconds, the light turned green. I punched the accerator and launched through the intersection, and in just a few more minutes was there.
Picking Ruby off my lap, I carried her through the door only to be met by the medical staff, ready to take Ruby back for immediate treatment. While I filled out forms, they gave Ruby a shot of morphine for the pain and began prepping her for an IV. After consulting with the vet we agreed on several courses of treatment depending on the direction her condition took.
And now the waiting begins.
Rubys's prognosis for recovery is good. She's a large dog, young, and in good health and shape. The bite was above the left eye so the fangs were unable to penetrate deeply, and there is little tissue in the immediate area to be impacted by necrosis. The primary worry is whether the necrosis will damage her eye, which only time will tell.
Ruby's treatment and recovery were helped immensely because I had a bite protocol plan in place for my dogs and was able to get medical attention quickly, less than an hour after her bite. If you live in a rural area having a plan in place beforehand can save your pet's life. The first step is to know where your local 24-hour emergency animal hospitals are, and keep their contact information handy.
Tuesday, June 3 2014
Oink, oink, oink! Gordy and I had just left Frank Weed's home and had been told by Frank Jr. that we should beware the large number of adult feral hogs in the area.
Then I heard it: Oink, oink, oink! Not knowing exactly what a feral hog sounded like, I stopped in my tracks.
We were walking the marsh edge along Route 84 a bit east of Andytown, FL. Unless you're darn near as old as I, I'll bet you don't remember either that marsh OR Andytown. But in those days there was no Interstate, Routes 27 and 84 were only two lanes wide, and Andytown existed (if only consisting of a general store perched on the not too busy southeast corner of 27 and 84). And there were billboards -- the old-timey ones with a wooden superstructure that were loved while still standing by rat snakes, corn snakes, and skinks and sought as cover by a host of other herp species when they collapsed. In other words, we were in "herp central."
But it was kingsnakes, not rat snakes, that we were hoping to see as we walked the swamp edge along Route 84. Banded water snakes were abundant and finally I saw a king. Success. I bent down to pick the snake up and from just a few feet away in emergent vegetation came a series of "oinks." Oh me!
I hastily looked around for something sturdy to climb knowing in my mind that I was about to be besieged by a herd of ravening hogs. Imagine my humiliation when I found later that day that I had almost been treed by a pig frog, Rana grylio.
More photos under the jump...
Continue reading "Oinks in the marsh"
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