At more than 2 feet long, the Ozark Hellbender is the one of largest salamander species in the United States, with an unusual biological ability to regenerate injured or missing body parts.

"In the last 20 years we have been finding a tremendous number of injuries on these animals and those injuries are not healing," Nickerson said in a university release Monday. "Now the population is down to almost nothing and we are very worried about the species and the environmental changes around them."

In the study, microorganisms from abnormal and injured salamander tissue were examined for pathogens that may be causing a lack of regeneration and population decline among the hellbenders.

“What we have detected is minimal, but it is very significant because this virus can threaten the already declining amphibian population in our forests to total extinction,” said RGCB scientist Sanil George, who along with Juha Merilla of the University of Helsinki headed the study.

With permission from the state Forest Department, the scientists had taken swabs off the frog’s skin from various locations in Kudremukh, Agumbe, Aralam, Athirapalli, Periyar, Munnar, Vellarimala, Ponmudi and Peppara regions of the Western Ghats.

This was the first such screening reported from the Indian sub continent, which until now, was generally believed to be free of the deadly fungus.

Professor Carsten Rahbek from the Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate (CMEC) at the University of Copenhagen and his team identified various factors that put global amphibian diversity at risk, but noted that the spatial distribution of these threats and interactions are poorly known. Climate change, land use change and the fungal disease chytridiomycosis are some of the serious threats that the amphibian species face.

The researchers postulate that the greatest proportions of species adversely affected by climate change, what is probably the most serious threat, will be in Africa, parts of northern South America and the Andes. Their data also suggest that amphibian declines will probably accelerate in the 21st century, due to the multiple drivers of extinction that could threaten their populations more than previous, monocausal assessments have reported.

A genetic analysis, published in the latest Current Biology, found that DNA footprints of the long lost tortoise species, Chelonoidis elephantopus, exist in the genomes of its hybrid offspring. These tortoises turn out to be a mix of C. elephantopus and another giant tortoise from the area, C. becki.

While researchers have yet to isolate a purebred C. elephantopus individual, such tortoises must exist, based on the DNA data. The study marks the first time that a species has been rediscovered by way of tracking the genetic footprints left in the genomes of its hybrid offspring.

"This work also underscores the importance of museum collections in facilitating new discoveries," co-author Ryan Garrick told Discovery News. "Here, we were able to extract DNA from tortoise bones that were collected many decades ago, and use this DNA to characterize the gene pool of purebred C. elephantopus."

Mark L. Haas remains in intensive care with a collapsed lung at Crozer-Chester Medical Center after being shot Sunday in the parking lot of Woodlyn Shopping Center, said Ridley Police Lt. Scott Willoughby. His injuries are not life-threatening, he said.

Haas was supposed to sell the snakes to a buyer from New York, but police still do not know if the deal went bad or Haas was the victim of a random carjacking.

The suspect took off in Haas' car with two boxes of snakes inside and eventually hit a pole in Folsom, then ran away. Willoughby said police found the car and removed the boxes - one containing 20 baby pythons and the other a five- or six-foot python - back to the police station so they would not freeze.

“Fifteen years ago, these reptiles could be easily spotted lazing along the river bank of scenic Malacca River. Now, they are hard to come by,” said city councillor Ronald Gan Yong Hoe.

“In some countries, monitor lizards are protected under Endangered Species Acts. We hope the state government will move to conserve our local reptiles,” the member of the Malacca Historic City Council said.

“If nothing is done, the extensive poaching of this reptile could lead to its extinction,” he said.

Gan said the local monitor lizards, known locally as biawak, are large water monitor species (varanussalvator) capable of growing up to three metres long and 25 kilos in weight.

He said that apart from their skin and meat, the reptlie was sought for a liquid from its body that was commonly believed to increase sexual prowess in both men and women.

"Before we knew it, the croc had the mower above his head," Mr Faulkner said. "He got his jaws around the top of the mower and picked it up and took it underwater with him."
The workers quickly left the enclosure. Elvis, meanwhile, showed no signs of relinquishing his new toy and sat guarding it closely all morning.

Eventually, Mr Faulkner realised he had no other choice but to go back in after the mower.

Mr Collett lured Elvis to the opposite end of the lagoon with a heaping helping of kangaroo meat while Mr Faulkner plunged, fully clothed, into the water. Before grabbing the mower, however, he had to search the bottom of the lagoon for two 3-inch teeth Elvis lost during the encounter. He quickly found them and escaped from the pool, unharmed and with mower in tow.

Jo Dodd said she was first alerted to the reptilian intruder by the frantic barking of their family dog.

"We opened the door to our bed-room and looked into our lounge-room area and there was a crocodile," Dodd said.

"It was the most freakiest thing - you don't usually see a crocodile in your lounge room. It was really a very surreal moment."

Snakebite is a major occupational hazard in a country where farmers typically walk barefoot along field bunds. While we can exhort them to wear footwear, it will take years for this long-observed practice to change. People also tend to walk in the dark without a torch. For several decades, the price of disposable batteries was prohibitive for ordinary villagers, but the use of the new, affordable Chinese-made rechargeable torches may reduce the death toll. The other habit that puts rural people in harm’s way is sleeping on the floor. When farm economy is floundering, advising them to sleep on bedsteads will only elicit blank, uncomprehending stares. If people get bitten and are rushed to the hospital, the lack of doctors, trained in treating snakebite, as well as the limited availability and effectiveness of antivenom serum, jeopardize their lives further.

The only way to save a person from a lethal venomous snakebite is the administration of antivenom serum, even though too many people rely on superstition and alternative forms of medicine. Indians have had a surefire way of surviving a lethal bite as early as the 1920s, when the Central Research Institute began producing this life-saving drug commercially. Yet, almost a century later, despite snakebite continuing to be a major public health crisis, the availability of antivenom serum in small towns and villages, where bites usually occur, is limited.

Farbotnik, an environmentalist, quickly realized that he had chanced upon - luckily, without also flattening - a surge of salamanders in the heat of their annual breeding rite. Jumping out of his truck, he kept oncoming traffic at bay as he shepherded the slithery paramours from one swampy side to the vernal pool on the other, there to hook up.

A half-dozen mating seasons have passed since then in upper Bucks County, and Farbotnik, now 31, has presided as crossing guard at each. On the first mild, rainy evening of late winter or early spring, he heads for the 518-acre Quakertown Swamp, a favored haunt of not only salamanders but also frogs, toads, birds, and muskrats.

Hamilton’s animal control staff has loosened their initial guidelines, and will allow residents to own anacondas, pythons, and non-poisonous tarantulas.

Under the proposed harmonized animal control bylaw recommendations councillors will be debating at their Jan. 12 special planning committee meeting, animal control staff will also allow people to own iguanas, except the dangerous Iguana iguana, non-venomous snakes under three meters long, and non-venomous lizards under two meters in length.

Other changes to the bylaw, which were made after a public meeting last November, include removing the number of pigeons a person owned from the original 40, and allowing people to own raptors in urban areas.

“We know the protein out of the rattlesnake venom kills these cancer cells in their tracks. Cancers may become a thing of the past thanks to these rattlesnakes,” Doug Hotle, with the Albuquerque BioPark Zoo, said.

Four western diamondback rattlers are headed to a venom lab in Kentucky. The snakes’ venom will be milked, then freeze-dried and sent to scientists in France. Researches will take the venom and extract a protein that could eventually save lives.

“Venom as a whole can be a bad thing. Venom is made up of hundreds of individual proteins, but when we take these proteins apart and we look at what each protein does ... it is a great elixir of different compounds that could be used for biomedical research,” Hotle said.

The newly described species include a "psychedelic gecko" in southern Vietnam and a nose-less monkey in a remote province of Myanmar that looks like it wears a pompadour.

"While this species, sporting an Elvis-like hairstyle, is new to science, the local people of Myanmar know it well," the Switzerland-based group said in its report.

The region is home to some of the world's most endangered species, including tigers, Asian elephants, Mekong dolphins and Mekong giant catfish, the group said.

"This is a region of extraordinary richness in terms of biodiversity but also one that is extremely fragile," said Sarah Bladen, communications director for WWF Greater Mekong. "It's losing biodiversity at a tragic rate."

Iowa’s short list of federally protected endangered species is in line to nearly double.

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recently listed a moth-like butterfly, the Poweshiek skipperling, as a candidate for the federal endangered species list.

Early this year, the agency also formally proposed endangered status for two types of freshwater clams, the sheepnose and spectaclecase mussels. And two other species already were on its lists of candidates for the endangered list: the massasauga rattlesnake and the Dakota skipper, a butterfly.

The 16 species proposed to be removed from the list are the greater redhorse, a small fish; the barn owl, snowy egret, and Bewick's Wren, the Pygmy Snaketail, a dragonfly, and two reptiles: Butler's Gartersnake and the Blanding's Turtle.

A Department of Natural Resources Blanding's Turtle review determined that there are large, stable populations and wide distribution throughout the state. In the case of Butler's Gartersnake, new information indicated greater abundance and range in the state than previously believed.

“Genetic analysis done by UW-Stevens Point researchers concluded that hybridization is not a threat to the species,” said Laurie Osterndorf, who directs DNR's Endangered Resources Bureau.

"Quang's tree frog [...] has a hyperextended vocal repertoire—in other words, it doesn't just repeat the same call over and over, but has a number of types of calls. In fact, no two calls that I recorded were exactly the same, with each frog mixing clicks, whistles and chirps in no apparent order! It is the most variable frog call that I've heard of, and sounds a lot more like a bird song than a frog call [click here to listen to the frog's call]," lead author Jodi Rowley with the Australian Museum in Sydney told mongabay.com.

Unlike Quang's tree frog, Rowley says the majority of frog species stick to one note to attract females.

"[Most male frogs] call to attract females with a rather repetitive call (eg. the familiar "croak, croak, croak" or "chirp, chirp, chirp", for example). While each species has a different call (it helps prevent females attracting frogs of the wrong species!), most frog advertisement calls are of roughly one type of call, repeated until they get the girl."